Ancient Itanos

The Ancient City – History and Archaeology

Itanos was one of the most important ancient cities of Eastern Crete and flourished from the 8th century BC to the 7th century AD. Its name is linked to the mythical hero Itanos, probably a Phoenician, who is considered the city’s founder. Built in a strategic location with a natural harbour, the city developed significant trade links with regions of the East, Cyprus, Egypt and Phoenicia, becoming a major trading hub.

The harbour of Itanos served both commercial and military purposes, whilst its ruins are still visible today in the sea, near the ruins of the ancient settlement. The city was frequently at odds with neighbouring city-states over control of the temple of Diktys Zeus and the fertile surrounding area. It was renowned for its sanctuaries, particularly the temples of Hermes and Aphrodite, as evidenced by archaeological finds and inscriptions.

During the early Christian period (5th–6th centuries AD), Itanos continued to prosper and three large basilicas with rich mosaic floors were built, which today constitute some of the most important monuments in the area. Visitors can see the ruins of dwellings, temples and key structures of the ancient city, as well as sections of walls, commercial premises and administrative buildings. There are information boards explaining the history and development of the area, helping visitors to understand the significance of the site.

Excavations carried out to date continue to reveal new evidence of the city’s commercial and religious significance. Entry to the archaeological site is free and it is open at all times, as it is an open-air, unfenced site. You can walk amongst the ruins, admire the stunning sea views and imagine what life was like in this important ancient city.

The Beaches of Itanos

In front of the archaeological site lie three beautiful beaches, known as the ‘beaches of Itanos’. They are quiet, with impressively clear waters, few visitors and offer views of the eastern Cretan Sea. The sand is fine, although in some sections there are also pebbles or rocks, adding variety to the landscape.

The sea is crystal-clear, with emerald and turquoise waters, and exceptional visibility that allows you to see the seabed at great depths. The waters are ideal for swimming, whilst the rocky areas offer excellent opportunities for snorkelling, with a wealth of marine life, fish and marine organisms. Ermoupoli beach, with its small coves, is ideal for exploring with a snorkel, whilst the other two beaches offer more space simply to relax.

The beaches are unorganised – there are no sun loungers, parasols, beach bars or other facilities. This is precisely what makes them special. Natural shade is limited, so it’s advisable to bring your own parasol. The lack of facilities also means there are no toilets or showers – you’ll need to be prepared. However, the tranquillity, the natural beauty and the fact that you’re swimming alongside ancient settlements create a magical atmosphere that’s well worth the effort.

Activities

Swimming is the main activity, with the clear, calm waters inviting you to take a refreshing dip. Snorkelling is superb thanks to the excellent visibility and the rocky areas teeming with marine life. Be sure to bring a mask, snorkel and flippers. Exploring the ancient ruins is another must-do activity – walk amongst the ruins, discover the basilicas and temples, and imagine what life was like in ancient times. There are also walking trails leading to Vai and around the area, offering magnificent views of the countryside, the sea and the palm forest.

Photography is another worthwhile activity, as the combination of the archaeological site, the sea and the natural surroundings creates stunning images. Finally, simply enjoy the tranquillity – Itanos is the perfect destination for peace, meditation and relaxation away from the crowds.

Nearby Attractions

The Vai Palm Forest is just 9 kilometres to the south and is the largest natural palm forest in Europe, home to over 5,000 Cretan palm trees. The exotic, tropical landscape, with its well-organised beach and turquoise waters, is definitely worth a visit (entry €2–3). Go early in the morning to avoid the summer crowds.

The Holy Monastery of Toplou, about 10 kilometres to the west, is a historic fortified monastery resembling a castle, with impressive architecture, a rich museum collection of Byzantine icons, ancient manuscripts and sacred artefacts, as well as a cellar stocked with wines produced by the monastery. The view from the monastery is breathtaking (admission around €3).

The town of Sitia, 26 kilometres to the west, is well worth a visit for its beautiful seafront, the Venetian fortress of Kazarma with its panoramic views, the Archaeological Museum with important finds from the area, and numerous tavernas, fish tavernas and ouzo bars on the beach. Other nearby beaches include Chiona, a quiet sandy beach with small tavernas near Palaiokastro, and Kouremeno, a famous beach for windsurfing 15 kilometres to the south.

Accommodation and Food

There are no hotels or accommodation facilities in the Itanos area – the area is completely natural and unspoilt. The best accommodation options are in Sitia, 26–27 kilometres away, where there is a wide variety of hotels, guesthouses and villas to suit all budgets. The Itanos Hotel in Sitia is a good choice, as are many other places to stay in the town. You can also stay in Palekastro (15 km south), which offers more budget-friendly options and a peaceful atmosphere, or near Vai, where you’ll find small hotels and guesthouses for easier access to the area.

As for food, there are no tavernas or snack bars in Itano – bring your own food, snacks and plenty of water. In Vai (9 km), there are snack bars and small tavernas on the organised beach. In Chiona (12 km) you’ll find the Chiona Tavern, which serves very good food, mainly fish and seafood dishes. At Toplou Monastery, you can buy wine and local produce from the monastery. In Sitia, there is a wide variety of restaurants, grill houses, fish tavernas and ouzo bars serving fresh seafood, traditional Cretan cuisine and local wines.

Practical Tips

The best time to visit is in spring (April–June) and autumn (September–October), when the weather is mild, nature is at its best and you can avoid the summer crowds. In summer, it’s best to arrive early in the morning (before 10.00) or late in the afternoon (after 17.00) to avoid the heat and the crowds.

Wear comfortable walking shoes or trainers, as the walk involves uneven ground, small hills and stony paths. Be sure to take plenty of water (at least 2 litres per person), a hat and high-factor sun cream – there is very little shade at either the archaeological site or the beaches. Bring food and snacks with you, as there are no refreshment stands or shops nearby.

For the beaches, take a beach umbrella, towels, a mask and snorkel, and water shoes for the rocky areas. Please respect the archaeological site – do not walk on the mosaics, do not take pieces from the ruins and do not leave any rubbish behind. There are no toilets in the area, so plan accordingly. Take cash with you – the nearest ATM is in Sitia. Finally, don’t forget your camera to capture the unique combination of antiquities and the sea.

Itanos offers a unique blend of cultural and natural attractions. It is ideal for those seeking tranquillity away from the crowds, with an interest in history and archaeology, and who wish to swim in crystal-clear waters against a backdrop of ancient ruins. The combination of this magnificent ancient city with its unspoilt beaches creates an experience you will remember forever. Whether you’re an archaeology enthusiast, seeking quiet beaches, or want to combine both, Itanos awaits you with its secrets spanning thousands of years and its azure embrace.